Sir James Steuart (1608 – 31 March 1681) was a Scottish politician, the posthumous son of James Steuart of Allanton.
Steuart was a merchant and banker in Edinburgh and acquired the estates of Kirkfield and Coltness.
Steuart was Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1649, Commissioner for Edinburgh in the Parliament of Scotland from 1649 to 1650, and Lord Provost again in 1659. At the Restoration he was dismissed as a Covenanter and imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle.
In 1630 he married Anne, daughter of Henry Hope and niece of the Lord Advocate Sir Thomas Hope of Craighall. She died in 1646, and Steuart married in 1648 Marion, widow of Sir John Elliott and only daughter and heiress of David McCulloch, of Goodtrees.
His children by his first marriage included Sir Thomas Steuart, 1st Baronet, of Coltness; Sir James Steuart, of Goodtrees; and Sir Robert Steuart, 1st Baronet, of Allanbank.